What is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is an endoscopic procedure where a long, thin, flexible tube known as a “scope” is inserted into the rectum and navigated through the entire colon (large intestine). This scope is equipped with a light and a camera, enabling the physician to closely inspect the colon’s lining. Colonoscopies are often performed to identify the causes of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, bleeding, abdominal pain, or unusual x-ray findings.
This procedure is also recommended for asymptomatic individuals starting at age 45, or earlier based on medical history, as a means to screen for colon cancer and polyps. Colonoscopy remains the sole preventive strategy for colorectal cancer. At GI Alliance of Illinois, our board-certified gastroenterologists are experts in conducting these exams. To find out more or to schedule a colonoscopy, please contact one of our Illinois locations.
What are the benefits of a colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy exams are the most effective method for preventing colon cancer, which is why they are crucial for individuals over 45 or those at increased risk for the disease. Regular screenings not only safeguard your gastrointestinal health but also contribute broadly to your overall well-being. The benefits of colonoscopy exams are numerous, including:
- Early detection of the initial signs of colon and rectal cancer
- The ability to detect and remove abnormal growths (polyps)
- Identification of diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and other gastrointestinal conditions
- Recognized as the most effective screening option for colon and/or rectal cancer
- Potential to be a life-saving procedure
What should I expect during a colonoscopy?
You will receive detailed instructions from your doctor at GI Alliance of Illinois regarding the necessary bowel preparation for your colonoscopy. Most patients will need to adhere to a clear liquid diet the day before the exam. There are various laxative options to ensure the colon is thoroughly cleaned. It is crucial to follow the instructions provided by your doctor. Additional guidance will be given regarding your medications. Typically, you can continue your medications as usual, but special instructions will be provided for patients on blood thinners (e.g., Coumadin, warfarin, Plavix, aspirin, anti-inflammatories) and diabetics. You will be advised not to consume anything after midnight except for essential medications.
On the day of your procedure, you should arrive at the endoscopy center 1 to 1.5 hours before your scheduled exam time to complete paperwork and prepare. You will change into a medical gown, and an IV catheter will be inserted into your arm for sedation. Monitoring equipment will track your heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, breathing, and oxygen levels during and after the exam.
In the exam room, you will lie on your left side. The IV sedation will be administered in small, safe amounts tailored to your needs. Once adequately sedated, the physician will advance the scope through the colon to the junction with the small intestine.
During the procedure, the doctor may perform biopsies and/or remove any polyps seen. The entire procedure typically lasts between 15 – 30 minutes, depending on the findings.
When can I expect my results?
After your exam, you will be moved to the recovery room to be monitored as the sedation wears off. Most patients are ready for discharge within 45 – 60 minutes.
Since you will not be allowed to drive for the remainder of the day, you will need to arrange for someone older than 18 years old to take you home. Additionally, you should not work, sign important documents, or engage in strenuous activities for the rest of the day. While most patients can eat and drink normally after leaving the Endoscopy unit, you will receive specific instructions about activity, diet, and medications before you are discharged.
Following the exam, the doctor or nurse will discuss the procedure’s findings with you. Because the sedation can affect your memory, it is a good idea to bring someone who can also hear the results. Biopsy results, if applicable, are typically provided within a week.
What are the risks of a colonoscopy?
In general, a colonoscopy is a very safe procedure. Complications occur in less than 1% of patients, and most are not life-threatening. However, if a complication does arise, it may require hospitalization and surgery. Before the exam, the nursing staff will review a consent form with you, and any questions or concerns can be discussed with your physician.
Reactions to the sedation medication can occur, including allergic reactions, difficulty breathing, effects on the heart and blood pressure, and irritation of the vein used for the medication.
Bleeding can happen with biopsies or the removal of polyps, but significant bleeding requiring a blood transfusion or hospitalization is rare. However, bleeding can occur during the exam or up to two weeks after if a polyp is removed.
Perforation or puncture of the colon is another potential complication. This may be recognized during the exam or later in the day. Most cases of perforation will require surgery and hospitalization, although this is uncommon, even when polyps are removed.
It’s crucial to contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms like worsening abdominal pain, bleeding, or fever after the procedure.
As with any test, a colonoscopy is not perfect. There is a small, accepted risk that abnormalities, including polyps and cancers, can be missed. It is important to continue following up with your doctor at GI Alliance of Illinois as instructed and to inform them of any new or persistent symptoms.
